joshjosh 2006-9-25 15:03
spectrum wars-the policy and technology debate
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【原书作者】：Jennifer A. Manner
【ISBN 】： 1-58053-483-x
【页数 】：210
【开本 】 ：16
【出版社】 ：ARTECH HOUSE, INC.
【出版日期】：2003
【文件格式】：pdf
【摘要或目录】：
Contents
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
1 An Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
An overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
International overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Domestic issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Spectrum terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
A brief background of spectrum management . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Companies, governments, and other interests . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Incumbent and planned/new users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
The various interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
An example of the scientific community: radio astronomers . . . . . 20
Public safety uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
vii
Two unique battles for the spectrum resource for new services . . . . 21
NGSO FSS: taking the world by storm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Third generation mobile service and the FS: a compromise . . . . . 25
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Endnotes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2 Spectrum Primer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Overview of technical characteristics of the radiocommunications
spectrum resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Spectrum scarcity and harmful interference . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
The allocation scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Key technical considerations when evaluating spectrum use . . . . . 42
Other considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Endnotes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3 Radio Communications Spectrum and
3 Telecommunications Players. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Wireless versus wireline network solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
The key participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Government use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Telecommunications service providers and broadcasters. . . . . . . 57
Telecommunications equipment manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . 60
Consumers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Factors impacting the use of the spectrum resource . . . . . . . . . 63
The government regulator and the accompanying regulatory regime. . 64
Market demand for the service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Amount of spectrum available for the same or similar use . . . . . . 67
The costs of obtaining access to the spectrum and the impact on
the business case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
The availability of terrestrial wireline infrastructure . . . . . . . . 68
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Endnotes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
viii Spectrum Wars: The Policy and Technology Debate
4 The Regulatory Regime Governing Spectrum . . . . . 71
Why is the radiocommunications spectrum resource regulated?. . . . 71
The goals of spectrum regulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
The governing regulatory bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
The international regulatory process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
An overview of the ITU and the Radiocommunications Sector . . . . 78
Overview of the ITU R Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
The impact of regional organizations on spectrum regulation. . . . . 81
The international spectrum allocation process . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Technical issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
An overview of the WRC process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Endnotes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
5 Domestic Regulation of Spectrum,
5 Part I: International Representation. . . . . . . . . . 93
Overview of the domestic regulation of the radiocommunications
spectrum resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Participation in the international arena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Domestic participants in the international process . . . . . . . . . 95
The domestic preparatory process for international meetings. . . . . 98
Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
6 Domestic Regulation of Spectrum,
5 Part II: Allocation, Assignment, and Use . . . . . . . 105
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Important cornerstones of domestic regulation . . . . . . . . . . 107
Impact of the WTO Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
The domestic allocation of frequency bands to individual services . . 110
The identification or designation of radiocommunications
spectrum to specified uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Changes to rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Flexible use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Relocation of existing users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Contents ix
The assignment and authorization of spectrum to specific users . . . 116
Overview of assignment processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
The implementation and enforcement of technical and
operating rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
The regulation of secondary markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
7 Solutions to Harmful Interference . . . . . . . . . . 131
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Spectrum conflict: the potential for harmful interference . . . . . . 133
Minimizing the potential for conflicts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
An anomaly: unlicensed spectrum usage . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Regulatory mechanisms to adopt rules governing cofrequency
sharing, frequency band segmentation, and relocation . . . . . . . 140
Cofrequency sharing and frequency-band segmentation:
an overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Frequency-band segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Relocation of existing users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
The need for comparable spectrum and reasonable compensation
for relocated uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
8 Secondary Markets for Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . 151
The increasing use of secondary markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Advantages and disadvantages to the use of secondary spectrum
markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Types of secondary spectrum market regimes . . . . . . . . . . . 155
New Zealand: an overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Creating a regime governing secondary markets for spectrum . . . . 158
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
x Spectrum Wars: The Policy and Technology Debate
9 Impact of the Telecommunications Financial Crisis . 163
Key reasons for the telecommunications financial meltdown . . . . 165
Impact of the telecommunications meltdown. . . . . . . . . . . 166
The rebuilding of an industry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Can wireless service providers fare better? . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Appendix A: List of Web Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . 173
About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Contents xi
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